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Packets and links

Latency and bandwidth are not the same number

Two ways a link is slow, two different fixes, and one word that people use for both.

A link has two independent costs. Latency is how long a bit takes to get there: it is distance, and no amount of money makes it smaller. Bandwidth is how many bits per second you can put on the wire, so a big packet takes longer to send than a small one even though both arrive after the same flight.

The distinction matters because the fixes are opposite. A slow because latency problem is fixed by making fewer round trips. A slow because bandwidth problem is fixed by sending fewer bytes. Doing the second when you needed the first buys nothing at all.

one GET over a 20 ms path

Segment

Click a segment on the timeline to open it.

Run

events
54
elapsed
60.00 s
ended
quiescent

Count the gaps. Each one is 10 ms of flight, and there are more of them than there are packets you care about.